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41.
Airam Rodríguez Nick D. Holmes Peter G. Ryan Kerry‐Jayne Wilson Lucie Faulquier Yovana Murillo André F. Raine Jay F. Penniman Verónica Neves Beneharo Rodríguez Juan J. Negro André Chiaradia Peter Dann Tracy Anderson Benjamin Metzger Masaki Shirai Lorna Deppe Jennifer Wheeler Peter Hodum Catia Gouveia Vanda Carmo Gilberto P. Carreira Luis Delgado‐Alburqueque Carlos Guerra‐Correa François‐Xavier Couzi Marc Travers Matthieu Le Corre 《Conservation biology》2017,31(5):986-1001
Artificial lights at night cause high mortality of seabirds, one of the most endangered groups of birds globally. Fledglings of burrow‐nesting seabirds, and to a lesser extent adults, are attracted to and then grounded (i.e., forced to land) by lights when they fly at night. We reviewed the current state of knowledge of seabird attraction to light to identify information gaps and propose measures to address the problem. Although species in families such as Alcidae and Anatidae can be grounded by artificial light, the most affected seabirds are petrels and shearwaters (Procellariiformes). At least 56 species of Procellariiformes, more than one‐third of them (24) threatened, are subject to grounding by lights. Seabirds grounded by lights have been found worldwide, mainly on oceanic islands but also at some continental locations. Petrel breeding grounds confined to formerly uninhabited islands are particularly at risk from light pollution due to tourism and urban sprawl. Where it is impractical to ban external lights, rescue programs of grounded birds offer the most immediate and employed mitigation to reduce the rate of light‐induced mortality and save thousands of birds every year. These programs also provide useful information for seabird management. However, these data are typically fragmentary, biased, and uncertain and can lead to inaccurate impact estimates and poor understanding of the phenomenon of seabird attraction to lights. We believe the most urgently needed actions to mitigate and understand light‐induced mortality of seabirds are estimation of mortality and effects on populations; determination of threshold light levels and safe distances from light sources; documentation of the fate of rescued birds; improvement of rescue campaigns, particularly in terms of increasing recovery rates and level of care; and research on seabird‐friendly lights to reduce attraction. 相似文献
42.
Masaki Takaoka Nobuo Takeda Naruo Yamagata Takahiro Masuda 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(3):198-205
We discuss the current status of waste to power generation (WPG) in Japan and various scenarios involving indirect reduction
of carbon dioxide emissions by WPG. The number of WPG facilities domestically as of 2005 was 286. Power generation capacity
attained 1,515 MW and power generation 7,050 GWh/year. This amount substitutes energy otherwise acquired from natural resources
such as fossil fuels in thermal power plants. If the basic unit of carbon dioxide is 0.555 kg-CO2/kWh, then the corresponding carbon dioxide emission reduction is calculated to be 3.9 million tons, equivalent to 26.7% of
the 14.6 million tons emitted by municipal solid waste incinerators (MSWI) in 2005. Using various existing technological options,
the power generation efficiency could reach more than 20% in MSWI facilities with capacity of 300 tons/day, although present
efficiency is only 12.0%. If about 85% of MSW were incinerated in MSWI with power generation efficiency of 20% as a feasible
assumption, the total power generation and the corresponding carbon dioxide reduction would be 16,540 GWh/year and 9.18 million
tons, respectively, equivalent to 62.7% of the carbon dioxide emitted by MSWI. Also, the ratio of the additional reduction
of carbon dioxide emissions by WPG to the total additional reduction (20,000 ktons/year) in Japan during the first commitment
period would be 26.3%, suggesting that promotion of WPG in MSWI is an effective option for prevention of global warming. 相似文献
43.
Takaoka Masaki Hamaguchi Daisuke Shinmura Ryuhei Sekiguchi Tomoo Tokuichi Hiroyuki 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):863-869
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Mercury emissions from non-ferrous metal industries are a major environmental concern. Because of the large differences in mercury emission factors... 相似文献
44.
Masaki Takaoka Nobuo Takeda Takeshi Fujiwara Masato Kurata Tetsuo Kimura 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):931-940
Abstract The control of Hg emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) is very important, because more than 78% of municipal solid waste (MSW) is incinerated. The Hg content of coal used in utility boilers is relatively low in Japan. In this study, recent trends in the Hg content of MSW in Japan and activated carbon (AC) injection as a control technology of Hg emission from an MSWI are discussed. The effect of AC injection on Hg removal from flue gas in an MSWI was investigated by pilot-scale experiments using a bag filter (BF). The injection of AC increases the Hg reduction ratio by 20–30% compared with cases without AC injection. The Hg reduction ratio increases as the flue gas temperature decreases. The Hg reduction ratio is closely related to the inlet Hg concentration and was expressed with a Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm. 相似文献
45.
Miyuki Nishiyama Akihiko Sekizawa Kohei Ogawa Hideaki Sawai Hiroaki Nakamura Osamu Samura Nobuhiro Suzumori Setsuko Nakayama Takahiro Yamada Masaki Ogawa Yukiko Katagiri Jun Murotsuki Yoko Okamoto Akira Namba Haruka Hamanoue Masanobu Ogawa Kiyonori Miura Shunichiro Izumi Yoshimasa Kamei Haruhiko Sago 《黑龙江环境通报》2016,36(12):1121-1126
46.
Takahiro Ishizaka Susumu Tohno Chang-Jin Ma Atsushi Morikawa Masaki Takaoka Fumitaka Nishiyama Kouhei Yamamoto 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(16):2550-2560
During the transboundary transport of anthropogenic heavy metals by mineral particles providing reaction sites, the divalent metal salt PbSO4 can be converted to PbCO3 in the presence of water. We carried out laboratory experiments to study the transformation process under various conditions by incorporating test particles comprising CaCO3 of a particulate mineral component, PbSO4, and NaCl. After the immersion of PbSO4 particles in contact with CaCO3 particles in a water droplet, the conversion of PbSO4 into PbCO3 was confirmed by the change in morphology of the original particles to stick or needle form; the percentages of the chemical forms relative to the total Pb were determined by X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) analysis. Approximately 60–80% of PbSO4 was converted to PbCO3 after 24 h. A small amount of stick particles was detected when NaCl particles attached to PbSO4/CaCO3 particles were exposed to air with a relative humidity (RH) of 80–90% for 24 h. XANES measurements of the samples revealed that the molar percentage of PbCO3 relative to the total Pb content was 4%.Field experiments were also conducted to determine the chemical forms of the Pb particles during the Kosa (Asian dust storm) event. Samples were collected from two remote sites in Japan and Korea. The mass size distribution of Pb aerosols collected in Japan was bimodal with two peaks in the coarse mode; the enrichment factor of Pb suggested that its source was anthropogenic. Pb L3 edge XANES measurements of both samples indicated that they had similar shapes. These measurements also indicated that the major Pb components for the samples collected in Japan were PbO, PbSO4 PbCl2, and PbCO3, with molar percentages of 44%, 30%, 21%, and 5%, respectively. No significant differences were found between the component ratios of the samples collected in Japan and Korea, suggesting that definite transformation did not occur during the transport of the Kosa particles from Korea to Japan. On the basis of these observations, we postulate that the transformation process either occurred mainly before the particles arrived at Korea or did not take place after the particles left continental Asia. 相似文献
47.
48.
Behavioral and faunal implications of Early Cretaceous deinonychosaur trackways from China 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Li R Lockley MG Makovicky PJ Matsukawa M Norell MA Harris JD Liu M 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(3):185-191
Deinonychosaurian theropods, the dinosaurian sister group of birds, are characterized by a large raptorial claw borne on a highly modified second digit that was thought to be held in a retracted position during locomotion. In this study, we present new trackway evidence for two coeval deinonychosaurian taxa from the Early Cretaceous of Shandong, China that indicate a hitherto unrecognized body size diversity for this period and continent. These fossil tracks confirm diversity and locomotory patterns implied by phylogeny and biogeography, but not yet manifested in the body fossil record. Multiple parallel and closely spaced trackways generated by the larger track maker provide the best evidence yet discovered for gregarious behavior in deinonychosaurian theropods. 相似文献
49.
Kotaro Masaki 《生态毒理学报》1999,21(4):40-41
"清洁日本中心"是一个与再循环有关的非政府组织.本文综述了由各种类型塑料制成的产品的再循环方法.有一批这样的方法正在使用中或在研究中.重点介绍日本塑料再循环的现状. 相似文献
50.
芦竹抑藻物质的初步分离及抑制铜绿微囊藻的效果 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用乙酸乙酯提取芦竹(Arundo donax Linn.)得到高效抑藻粗提物,其对产毒铜绿微囊藻的半效应抑制浓度(EC50.6d)为50mg·1-1.粗提物经溶剂萃取分离得到中/碱性物质及酸性物质.活性分析表明,酸性物质有显著抑制铜绿微囊藻的活性.通过酸性氧化铝柱层析进一步分离酸性物质,得到三组弱极性抑藻物质及一组强极性抑藻物质.培养3d后,四组抑藻物质在10mg·1-1时的抑藻率分别为82%,83%,100%以及70%. 相似文献